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11 Quantitative approach Unlike, the qualitative approach, in quantitative PDA, it is advisable for the M&E facilitator or consultant to first run a preliminary test, usually involving descriptive frequency tables, graphs and measures of central tendency (specifically mean, standard deviation and median). Where necessary, raw data can be analysed together with participants, where the preliminary data is deemed limited. The analysed data is then presented as a series of data placemats projected on a large screen in themes according to the project components that are being assessed. For each data placemat presented, the same discussion and brainstorming questions highlighted above can be used to discuss the results. Participatory data dissemination During dissemination, different stakeholders can be allowed to present findings. An important point to remember during participatory data dissemination is the responsibility of the project to ensure stakeholders’ views are respected. Sometimes participatory methods such as drama can be used to reinforce the dissemination of findings. Dissemination is also considered participatory if the project allows and considers views and feedback from the stakeholders present or preview of the data being presented. In addition, stakeholders can participate in developing a plan for the next round of data collection or development of a phase out/over plan if the project is coming to an end. Methodology The following self-explanatory figure (2) describes the process of conducting PM&E. it is important to lean back and reflect at each step, use lessons learnt and adjust the process to maximise impact.