Given Hapunda

207 Study setting This study took place in Southern (Evaton West) and Northern (Soshanguve) areas in the Gauteng Province (Google earth maps, 2016). The study areas mentioned above are regarded as the poorest informal/rural settlements. These areas were previously affected by the violence and unrest which led to socio-economic instability. As a result, unemployment and poor living conditions are prevalent; majority of the families receive income of less than R2, 500 (US$200) and live in poor house status with no access to most of the basic needs. Maps showing the two study areas are presented in Figure 5. Figure 5: Maps showing study areas (Pretoria and Johannesburg) in Gauteng province, South Africa. Study design An experimental design was considered to be suitable for data collection in order to respond to research objectives (Vogt, 2007) as it has control over the research environment, and some variables are influenced to observe their effect on other variables (Rohilla, 2010). This study was conducted using the quantitative approach as it expresses the hypothesis of positivism. The positivist paradigm was considered to be a suitable approach to solve the research problem as it emphasises on variables, describing the analysis of human behaviour (Sale et al ., 2002). The baseline followed a cross-sectional analytical research Focus Box 2: Study Setting This study was conducted from the previously disadvantaged areas popularly called “Townships”