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211 - MUAC - using United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) MUAC tape for children.  Haemoglobin level - using Dried Blood Spot (DBS). The measurements in this study were used to collect and produce consistent, accurate information to serve the purpose of the study and to avoid bias that could lead to erroneous conclusions; they were also considered to be suitable for the participants as they had been tested for validity and reliability through various previous studies. Data collection variables are shown in Figure 8 below. Questionnaires Height Weight MUAC Biochemical F Figure 8: Data collection. Data analyses Different statistical analyses were used for variables measured to determine the findings. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used to analyse socio-demographic data in order to present descriptive statistics which described data in terms of means, standard deviation, frequencies, and percentages. This technique assists to minimise and summarising data sets, which can then be more easily interpreted and presented (Fox & Bayat 2007). Inferential statistics (independent t- test) was used to compare the difference between the two experimental groups (Evaton West & Soshanguve) and the control group (Vaal region) (Wilman et al ., 2005). Height and weight data were analysed using World Health Organisation AnthroPlus (WHO, 2007), growth standards and interpreted in terms of underweight (weight-for-age), stunting (height-for-age), and wasting (weight-for-height/BMI-for- age). SPSS 20.0 was also used to analyse MUAC and presented according to the colour references indicated on the tape measure (Red [<11.0cm] for severe malnutrition, yellow [11.1-12.5cm] for moderate malnutrition and green [>12.5cm] for healthy) (UNICEF 2009:1). Haemoglobin levels were analysed by using full blood count analyser and presented in terms of mean and standard deviation (Erhardt et al ., 2007; Mcdade & Shell-Duncan, 2002).