Given Hapunda

41 Table 1: Four Levels of Change Individual: personal transformation:  Help individuals grow and develop greater self- awareness.  Education to broaden knowledge base.  Training to broaden competency base.  Attention to mental and spiritual health and growth.  Make explicit and examine assumptions, mindsets, mental model.  Transformations not only in ‘what’ one knows, but ‘how’ one knows (epistemology). Relationships: transforming relationships:  Reconciliation/Conflict/ transformation, building trust.  Promoting respect and recognition.  Increasing knowledge and awareness of interdependence.  Changing patterns of dysfunctional relations. Culture: transforming collective patterns of thinking and acting:  Changing the ‘rules’ and values that sustain patterns of exclusion.  Exploring and transforming taken-for-granted collective habits of thinking and behavior.  Promoting more inclusive participatory.  Culture of ‘civic engagement.  Transforming patterns of overly simplistic and distorted discourse. Structures/systems: transforming structures, processes and mechanisms:  Lobbying for more just policies, greater transparency and accountability, institutional rearrangements.  Just and equitable allocation of resources and services.  Reforming processes. Identifying dimensions of change such as these can help organisations and stakeholders clarify and develop the kind of change they hope to achieve (Stein & Valters, 2012). Developing a Theory of Change According to the Kellogg Foundation (2004), a good theory of change starts by clearly and succinctly explaining the problem(s) or issues the organisations plan to address. A need assessment and shared vision description should help clarify this problem. A theory of change will then be built upon this statement. To demonstrate the process of developing a theory of change, a hypothetical example of a problem statement will be used (see Focus Box 5 below). Focus Box 5: Problem Statement Example There is an increasing number of women not participating in socioeconomic development in Chongwe due to lack of empowerment to some extent driving by human rights abuse. Given the important role of women in building families and local economies, lack of participation for women in socioeconomic issues has negatively affected family fabrics and local economies. To strengthen family bonds, increase women incomes and those of local communities, women must be empowered to competitively participate in socioeconomic activities.