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63 Baseline surveys, monitoring exercises and evaluation questions on efficiency and effectiveness among others, tend to use descriptive questions. Box 4.1 shows an example of a baseline survey that used descriptive questions. Used during monitoring of inputs, activities and outputs Has training of traditional birth attends been implemented? If yes, was this done on time and within budget? To obtain opinions and perceptions of stakeholders What are the opinions of project beneficiaries on the way the project is being implemented? Focus Box 2: Baseline survey for the Climate Change, Agriculture and Poverty Alleviation (CCAP) initiative Climate Change, Agriculture and Poverty (CCAP) Alleviation initiative is a project being implemented through a partnership between ActionAid MJUMITA, MVIWATA, TOAM and TFCG with site-level activities in Kilosa and Chamwino districts. The objective of the project was for Tanzania to be implementing policies and strategies that prioritise support to small-scale farmers to enable them to improve their livelihoods through the adoption of climate smart agriculture and sustainable land and natural resources management. The project was planned to operate for 27 months between 1st October 2012 and 31st December 2014. The project was financed through the Accountability in Tanzania climate change funding window. This baseline study was conducted from 14th of December 2012 to 14th of February 2013 in 8 villages in Chamwino and Kilosa Districts as well as amongst district and national-level stakeholders. The survey aimed to document a baseline with regards to the status of project indicators and stakeholders’ progress markers and to assess the current uptake of climate-smart, small-scale (C3S) agricultural practices. The main question was how many small scale farmers’ climate-smart agriculture practices in order to alleviate poverty? Survey methods included: structured and semi-structured interviews; key informant interviews; direct observations and reviewing of reports and documents. The study found that: the level of understanding on climate-smart, small-scale agriculture is low amongst most stakeholders; and few farmers in the project villages have adopted climate-smart agricultural techniques. Support by the district authority for C3S agriculture is also low in the project villages. Instead the district targets ‘modernising’ projects that benefit a few villages each year. MJUMITA and MVIWATA strategic plans and the District Agricultural Development Plans in both districts have not integrated C3S agriculture. The survey also found that the National Climate Change Steering Committee does not see that its role is to promote policy harmonization in relation to C3S agriculture. In relation to communicating effectively about C3S agriculture, the study found that most stakeholders expressed a preference for meetings as a way of communicating C3S agriculture and related activities. The study recommends that there is a need to use multiple methods of communication in order to reach the different stakeholders and that the development of a communication strategy for the project is highly recommended. Source : Nambiza (2013).