Jeroen van de Pol

95 4 Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analysis of a clinical medication review Table 1: Characteristics of participants in the control and intervention group. Abbreviations: IQR = interquartile range, SD= standard deviation, EQ=EuroQol, VAS=visual analogue scale. * Complex health problems measured with ISCOPE score (integrated systematic care for older people). Characteristic Control group (n = 294) Intervention group (n = 294) Age, median (IQR), years 78 (74-82) 79 (76-83) Sex, female (%) 51% 56% Ethnicity, European (%) 98% 97% Living situation, alone (%) 38% 42% Complex health problems* (%) 23% 25% Number of drugs in use, median (IQR) 9.0 (7.5-10.5) 9.0 (7.5-10.5) EQ-5D health utility values, mean (SD) 0.74 (0.18) 0.73 (0.18) EQ-VAS scores, mean (SD) 70 (16) 69 (16) Health-related complaints with impact, mean (SD) 2.6 (2.4) 2.7 (2.4) Intervention The CMR process was divided into different steps and the average time spent per step is shown in Table 2. The mean time (and standard deviation [SD]) to perform a CMR was 107 ± 41 minutes for the community pharmacist, 7 ± 12 minutes for a pharmacy technician and 12 ± 8 minutes for the GP. The time for the GP was only recorded for the conversation with the pharmacist. Table 2: Overview of average time (in minutes) spent for the clinical medication review by pharmacist, pharmacy technician and general practitioner. Average time spent in minutes (mean ± SD. * means various items such as travel time or making appointments. Task Pharmacist Pharmacy technician General practitioner Preparation 13 ± 13 5 ± 7 Patient interview 50 ± 18 Discussion pharmaceutical care plan 12 ± 8 12 ± 8 Implementation of actions 11 ± 6 Follow-up and evaluation 16 ± 15 Other* 5 ± 11 2 ± 5 Total 107 ± 41 7 ± 12 12 ± 8