Joeky Senders

78 Chapter 4 TABLE 4. Univariable and multivariable analysis for the outcome of postoperative ICH. Univariable Analysis Patient characteristic Definition Total (n = 301) No ICH (n=292) ICH (n=9) p Mean age ± SD Years 57.7 ± 13.2 57.6 ± 13.1 63.6 (14.0) 0.18 Female gender – no. (%) 125 (41.5) 122 (41.8) 3 (33.3) 0.87 Mean BMI ± SD Kg/m 2 26.0 ± 4.5 26.0 ± 4.6 26.2 ± 2.1 0.90 Histology – no. (%) AA 19 (6.3) 19 (6.5) 0 (0.0) 0.73 AOA 15 (5.0) 15 (5.1) 0 (0.0) AO 3 (1.0) 3 (1.0) 0 (0.0) GBM 264 (87.7) 255 (87.3) 9 (100.0) WHO grade IV – no. (%) 264 (87.7) 255 (87.3) 9 (100.0) 0.72 IDH1 mutation – no. (%) 20 (10.0) 20 (10.4) 0 (0.0) 0.53 Sub-total resection – no. (%) 167 (55.5) 161 (55.1) 6 (66.7) 0.73 Awake surgery — no. (%) 60 (20.8) 60 (21.4) 0 (0.0) 0.25 Median operative time [IQR] Minutes 180 [130-240] 180[133-240] 180 [113-185] 0.36 21 days LMWH – no. (%) 135 (44.9) 127 (43.5) 8 (88.9) 0.02 Dexamethasone – no. (%) 280 (93.0) 271 (92.8) 9 (100.0) 0.87 History of VTE – no. (%) 3 (1.0) 3 (1.0) 0 (0.0) 1.00 History of malignancy – no. (%) 38 (12.7) 37 (12.8) 1 (11.1) 1.00 Multivariable analysis Predictor OR 95% CI p Age per 10 years increase 1.40 0.81 – 2.67 0.26 21 days LMWH 9.67 1.73 – 180.95 0.03 Abbreviations: AA=anaplastic astrocytoma; AO=anaplastic oligodendroglioma; AOA=anaplastic oligoastrocytoma; BMI=body mass index; GB=Glioblastoma; GTR=gross-total resection; IQR=inter-quartile range; KPS=Karnofsky performance scale; LMWH=low-molecular weight heparin; LOS=length-of-stay; no.=number; OR=odds ratio; SD=Standard deviation; WHO=World Health Organization; VTE=venous thromboembolism Discussion Twenty-one days of postoperative LMWH administration was not significantly associated with a lower rate of VTE compared to thromboprophylaxis until discharge (0-7 days); however, prolonged prophylaxis was found to be associated with the occurrence of ICH. Immobility and high BMI were identified as independent predictors of postoperative VTE.