Tamara van Donge

Chapter 9 168 interference with administered drugs or nutrition. In summary, there is a lack of a validated diagnostic approach to detect early drug-related KI and to localize kidney damage, especially in neonates, infants, children and adolescents treated with potential nephrotoxic drugs. Table 1: Overview of kidney injury biomarkers for detecting drug-related kidney injury (based on: 3-8). *Quantification unselective versus selective proteinuria: transferrin/IgG (moderately selective 1–1.5; selective >1.5). Abbreviations: KI; kidney injury, KIM-1; kidney injury molecule-1, NGAL; neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, GST; glutathione s-transferase, L-FABP; liver fatty acid- binding protein, IL-18; interleukin-18. Kidney part Sample medium KI biomarker Specific injury localization Tubule Blood KIM-1 Proximal tubule Clusterin Proximal tubule GST Proximal tubule Osteopontin Proximal tubule NGAL Loop of Henle Uromodulin β-trace protein β-2 microglobulin Tubule Urine L-FABP Proximal tubule Cystatin C Proximal tubule IL-18 Proximal tubule NGAL Loop of Henle Uromodulin Ascending limp of Loop of Henle, distal tubule Calbindin α-1 Microglobulin β-2 Microglobulin Retinol-binding protein Glomerulus Blood Cystatin C Creatinine Glomerulus Urine Immunoglobulin G* Transferrin* Creatinine