Arjen Lindenholz

122 CHAPTER 5 Table 2. Associations between vascular risk factors and the anterior vessel wall lesions Risk factor Unadjusted relative risk (±95%CI) P-value Adjusted relative risk (±95%CI) P-value Age (per year increase) 1.02 (1.01-1.03) 0.002 1.02 (1.01-1.03)* < 0.001 Sex (male) 0.84 (0.61-1.18) 0.32 0.78 (0.57-1.06)** 0.12 Body mass index (per 1-point increase) 1.03 (0.99-1.07) 0.16 1.02 (0.98-1.06) 0.28 Systolic blood pressure (per 10 mmHg) 1.09 (1.01-1.17) 0.02 1.06 (0.99-1.14) 0.12 Hypertension (presence) 1.64 (1.19-2.26) 0.003 1.46 (1.06-2.02) 0.02 LDL (per mmol/L increase) 1.00 (0.85-1.17) † 0.99 1.01 (0.86-1.18) † 0.91 HDL (per mmol/L increase) 0.98 (0.59-1.66) ‡ 0.99 0.82 (0.49-1.38) ‡ 0.46 Triglycerides (per mmol/L increase) 1.05 (0.90-1.22) ‡ 0.51 1.06 (0.93-1.22) ‡ 0.37 Hyperlipidemia (presence) 1.30 (0.94-1.81) 0.11 1.11 (0.80-1.55) 0.53 Diabetes mellitus (presence) 1.93 (1.45-2.60) < 0.001 1.67 (1.20-2.33) 0.003 eGFR (in mL/min) 1.00 (0.99-1.01) 0.75 1.01 (1.00-1.02) 0.047 Smoking status (per pack year) 1.00 (0.99-1.01) 0.94 1.00 (0.99-1.01) 0.60 Vascular risk score (SMART, per %) 1.01 (1.00-1.02) 0.004 NA Table 2. Ninety participants were included in this analysis. The unadjusted and adjusted (for age and sex) relative risks including their 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the number of anterior vessel wall lesions. A p-value < 0.05 was considered a trend; a p-value < 0.0013 (the Bonferroni correction) was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; NA, not applicable; SMART, Second manifestations of arterial disease that estimates the 10-year risk for recurrent vascular event in patients with manifest cardiovascular disease. *, adjusted for sex only; **, adjusted for age only; †, obtained in 76 participants; ‡, obtained in 79 participants.