Arjen Lindenholz

128 CHAPTER 5 References 1. Arenillas JF. Intracranial atherosclerosis: current concepts. Stroke 2011;42:S20-3. 2. Holmstedt CA, Turan TN, Chimowitz MI. Atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenosis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. The Lancet Neurology 2013;12:1106-14. 3. Qureshi AI, Caplan LR. Intracranial atherosclerosis. Lancet 2014;383:984-98. 4. Gorelick P, Wong KS, Liu L. Epidemiology. Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience 2016;40:34-46. 5. Bos D, Portegies ML, van der Lugt A, et al. Intracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis and the risk of stroke in whites: the Rotterdam Study. JAMA Neurology 2014;71:405-11. 6. Homburg PJ, Plas GJ, Rozie S, van der Lugt A, Dippel DW. Prevalence and calcification of intracranial arterial stenotic lesions as assessed with multidetector computed tomography angiography. Stroke 2011;42:1244-50. 7. Arenillas JF, Lopez-Cancio E, Wong KS. Biomarkers, Natural Course and Prognosis. Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience 2016;40:93-108. 8. Uehara T, Bang OY, Kim JS, Minematsu K, Sacco R. Risk Factors. Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience 2016;40:47-57. 9. Rincon F, Sacco RL, Kranwinkel G, et al. Incidence and risk factors of intracranial atherosclerotic stroke: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study. Cerebrovasc Dis 2009;28:65-71. 10. Chaturvedi S, Turan TN, Lynn MJ, et al. Risk factor status and vascular events in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis. Neurology 2007;69:2063-8. 11. Nguyen-Huynh MN, Wintermark M, English J, et al. How accurate is CT angiography in evaluating intracranial atherosclerotic disease? Stroke 2008;39:1184-8. 12. Navarro JC, Lao AY, Sharma VK, Tsivgoulis G, Alexandrov AV. The accuracy of transcranial Doppler in the diagnosis of middle cerebral artery stenosis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2007;23:325-30. 13. Qiao Y, Anwar Z, Intrapiromkul J, et al. Patterns and Implications of Intracranial Arterial Remodeling in Stroke Patients. Stroke 2016;47:434-40. 14. Gutierrez J, Goldman J, Honig LS, Elkind MS, Morgello S, Marshall RS. Determinants of cerebrovascular remodeling: do large brain arteries accommodate stenosis? Atherosclerosis 2014;235:371-9. 15. Dieleman N, Kolk AG, Zwanenburg JJ, Harteveld AA, Biessels GJ, Luijten PR. Imaging intracranial vessel wall pathology with magnetic resonance imaging: current prospects and future directions. Circulation 2014;130:192-201. 16. Van der Kolk AG, Zwanenburg JJ, Brundel M, et al. Intracranial vessel wall imaging at 7.0- T MRI. Stroke 2011;42:2478-84. 17. Qiao Y, Steinman DA, Qin Q, Etesami M, Schar M, Astor BC. Intracranial arterial wall imaging using three-dimensional high isotropic resolution black blood MRI at 3.0 Tesla. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging: JMRI 2011;34:22-30.