Gersten Jonker

138   Chapter 6 countries have part I as a mandatory exam, in six countries part I and II are mandatory, and regulations in three countries stipulate that EDAIC may serve as a substitute for a national knowledge exam. Figure 1: Classification of countries by orientation of training programs. A: Curriculum: knowledge-based. Assessment: focus on knowledge, final exam is main method. B: Curriculum: knowledge and skills-based. Assessment: completion of number of procedures (e.g. general anesthetics). C: Curriculum: competency-based. Assessment: often multiple methods, focus on workplace assessment. Countries on the A – C axis share an A-type origin with varying degrees of orientation towards C. Countries on the B – C axis share a B-type origin with varying degrees of orientation towards C. Countries in the middle of the triangle (seem to) have a hybrid orientation. Classification of the countries in red are with higher degree of uncertainty because of lack of information despite multiple efforts to obtain this.