Matt Harmon

111 Chapter five study, buspirone also acted synergistically with meperidine to lower the shivering threshold. 20 However, as a result of the use of pharmacological adjuncts during cooling, the noted changes in this study could have been due to external cooling or to the effects of magnesium and clonidine. In an attempt to dissect the effects of external cooling and the effects of magnesium and clonidine, we aimed to add a third group to this study, which received LPS with the same dose of magnesium and clonidine but without external cooling. However, following administration of these drugs, the two included volunteers became hypotensive towards the end of the study and could not continue the intervention. We terminated this study group for safety reasons. However, as external cooling often requires some drugs to counteract shivering, the combination of these interventions may reflect pragmatic clinical practice. Conclusions In conclusion, induced normothermia with external cooling and pharmacological adjuncts was well tolerated in awake subjects. Induced normothermia lowered heart rate but did not affect perfusion compared to febrile controls. Induced normothermia decreased iL-10 levels compared to febrile controls but did not lower proinflammatory cytokine levels or CRP.