Matt Harmon

183 Chapter nine Pneumonia In total, 331 (48%) of the total 696 patients had a suspected or confirmed pneumonia. Of these patients, 158 (48%) had confirmed microbiologic cultures. Pathogens comprised of both gram-negative (61.1%) and gram-positive (38.2%) micro-organisms. The most frequently isolated organisms in the sputum cultures were Staphylococcus aureus (22.9%), Escherichia coli (9.1%), Haemophilus influenzae (9.1%) and Streptococcus spp (7.6%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections were infrequent (2.5%) (figure 1). Supplemental table 1 shows an overview of all isolated pathogens from sputum. Bacteremia In total 28 (4% of all patients) patients had a positive blood culture associated with clinically relevant infection. Gram-negative pathogens and gram-positive pathogens were both prevalent. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (24.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.1%) and Enterococcus faecalis (9.1%) (figure 2). Supplemental table 2 shows an overview of all isolated micro- organisms from blood cultures. Figure 1 . Pathogens in sputum cultures in confirmed pneumonia cases in the first 14 days of ICU- admission.