623 ENGLISH SUMMARY Movement-as-anchor. A relational perspective on development Movement-as-anchor, a method developed during decades of daily practice in residential care for children and youngster with special needs is the focus of this thesis. The problems of these clients were severe and persistent and none of the available treatment approaches appeared to be successful. These traditional approaches aimed at the symptoms of the behavioural problems rather than the underlying mechanism that is responsible for the behaviour of the clients. Movement-as-anchor was developed to remedy the fundamental problem that underlies the behaviour of the client. We believe that a disturbed interaction pattern between clients and their families or caretakers is responsible for the behavioural problems that these clients exhibit. More precisely, in all cases a disruption in the reciprocal communication with others was visible. Reciprocity refers to a usually natural developed pattern in individuals who are able to follow one another, can take initiative, and allow the other to be followed in return. Reciprocity is important in relationships, because it enables the individual to engage in conversations, take turns, collaborate, play, and learn from others. When reciprocity in relationships is strained, it can lead to various problems in the cognitive, social, or emotional domains, or in multiple domains simultaneously. The approach of the method Movement-as-anchor is to address issues in reciprocity by observing and analysing the mutual movements of two individuals who are interacting. Mutual movements reveal three things. One, who initiates a certain movement? Two, who does or does not follow such an initiative? Three, are initiative-taking and following behaviour distributed equally in the interaction? Following behaviour leads to feelings of togetherness, while taking initiative expresses autonomy, and being followed gives a sense of recognition and being seen. Observing mutual movements makes it possible to assess the interaction between two people, which, in turn, reveals the source of the experienced problems. An example is an interaction structure in which the individual in need primarily takes initiative but does not follow the initiative of the other person. This interaction structure can manifest itself in various ways at the level of behaviours, such as self-determined behaviour or difficulties in collaboration or play. Movement-as-anchor focuses on changing the underlying interaction structure by giving therapists instructions to change their movements. The goal is to create a new interaction structure based on reciprocity, allowing the client to approach social interactions in a different way. The starting point is mutual movement, with the aim of initiating behavioural change and development in the client. We assume that the mechanism responsible for this is the biological innate trait of humans to be moved with the movement of others or the environment. We then assume that this trait forms the basis for communication, the driving force behind development, which serves as A
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTk4NDMw