Donna Frost

Chapter 2 36 a better idea of relevant surrogate terms (synonyms). The search was therefore widened to works found in the fields of teaching, business and other professions and, by referring to the literature lists and indexes in already identified sources, to include items in which terms such as ‘artistry’ or ‘art of nursing’ were used as a synonym for the concept professional artistry (phase 2 ). Broad searching and initial screening gave 400 sources identified as potentially relevant. Sources were retained if the concept professional artistry, later including surrogate terms, was used in the context of professional practice or education for professional practice. Those items where the term was used in the title or abstract, but not further returned to in the body of the work, were discarded (Marks-Maran, 1999 ; eg. Coleman, 2016 ), as were those where the concept of professional artistry was used to position or support a study, results, standpoint or programme without further explanation or illustration (eg. Rosie & Murray, 1998 ; Hayward, 2002 ; Bright, 2010 ; Seers et al., 2012 ; LaDonna, Hatala, Lingard, Voyer & Watling, 2017 ). These and other similar cases tended to use the terms ‘artistry’ or ‘professional artistry’ to indicate work of a particular calibre, or excellence, or work in which attention is paid to emotions, whole personhood, and the less tangible aspects of practice (Palos, 2014 ; Wood, 2016 ; eg. Dirette, 2017 ; Wolf & France, 2017 ). In the end, 231 sources were studied for this concept analysis, including some making use of a surrogate term (see Table 2 . 2 ). Phases 1 to 6 of Rodgers’ ( 1989 ) process, summarised in Textbox 1 , were followed. Identifying and naming the concept of interest, surrogate terms, relevant uses and an appropriate realm for data collection (phases 1 to 3 ) were crucial steps when searching the literature, screening sources for relevance and broadening or limiting the search criteria. The procedure was not linear and Rodgers’ phases supported a layered process of discovery, as described above (p. 13 ) and summarised in Table 2 . 1 and 2 . 2 . The results of phases 4 and 5 , concerned with identifying the attributes, references, antecedents and consequences of professional artistry, are discussed at length in the rest of this chapter and summarised in Table 2 . 3 . Related concepts (phase 6 ) are also discussed when presenting the various aspects of professional artistry. The culmination of concept analysis following Rodgers ( 1989 , 2000 ) is identification of a model case of the concept within the literature (phase 7 ). Ideally this model case is not constructed, but found within the available data. As will be returned to at the end of this chapter, no model case of professional artistry was identified within the literature, leaving this phase open ended at the commencement of the research.