Caroliene Meijndert

26 Chapter 2 Patient satisfaction was rated using a questionnaire in which patients had to state their opinion through multiple choice questions (Meijndert et al., 2007, 2008). A distinction was made between the appearance of the crown and the appearance of the mucosa 12 months and 120 months after final crown placement. In addition, overall satisfaction was scored by means of a Visual Analogue Scale (range 0–10). Data analysis For a description of all collected clinical data, Plaque index, Bleeding index and Gingiva index were calculated as median and inter quartile range. Overall between-group comparison was calculated using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. If statistical significance was found, the Mann–Whitney U tests was applied to relate an observed significant difference to a specific group. Pocket probing depths and marginal bone and mucosa levels were normally distributed and described as means and standard deviations. Overall significance level between groups was calculated using the One-way ANOVA, followed by the independent t- test to relate an observed significant difference to a specific group. Significance between the follow-up periods was calculated using a paired samples t-test. ICAI and satisfaction questionnaire were not normally distributed. Therefore an overall analysis was conducted with a Kruskal–Wallis test. Significance between the two reviewed follow-up periods was calculated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. All analyses and calculations were processed in SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics Data Editor; version 20.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) using a significance level of P = 0.05. Results Patients Of the 93 initially placed implants, 4 implants were lost in 10 years. Two implants failed to osseointegrate and were lost within 6 months after placement. Both patients originated from the Bio-Oss® + Bio-Gide® membrane group. The other 2 implants were removed after 2 and 6 years due to soft tissue recession and resorption of bone buccally of the implant, causing an undesirable aesthetic result. Both patients originated from the Chin Bone + Bio-Gide® membrane group. All 4 patients received a new implant, were seen for routine inspections, but were excluded from further analyses. At the 1 month’ and 12 months’ follow-up, all patients were present for evaluation. At the 120 months’ evaluation 17 patients were lost to follow-up due to moving to another part of the country or changing address without notice. The assumption was made