Franny Jongbloed

177 7 FEASIBILITY AND SAFETY OF A PREOPERATIVE DIET Table 3. Changes in metabolic parameters after the dietary intervention groups Parameter Intervention Restricted Diet DER-Diet Control Before After P- Value Before After P- Value Before After P- Value Metabolic Albumin (g/L) * 35.2 ± 1.2 32.3 ± 2.4 0.09 41.3 ± 0.8 44.2 ± 0.9 0.006 39.9 ± 1.0 39.0 ± 1.3 0.57 Urea (mmol/L) 4.3 ± 0.3 2.6 ± 0.2 0.0002 5.5 ± 0.3 6.1 ± 0.4 0.19 4.7 ± 0.4 4.5 ± 0.4 0.36 Creatinine (mmol/L) 72.6 ± 3.3 83.4 ± 4.4 0.002 69.5 ± 3.7 78.5 ± 5.6 0.01 66.4 ± 6.4 63.5 ± 5.5 0.92 Glucose (mmol/L) 4.9 ± 0.2 4.8 ± 0.2 0.53 5.7 ± 0.2 5.6 ± 0.2 0.85 5.2 ± 0.3 5.8 ± 0.3 0.13 Insulin (pmol/L) ** 62.4 ± 18.6 60.9 ± 18.9 1.00 98.4 ± 18.1 106.1 ± 23.2 0.28 157.6 ± 46.3 195.5 ± 65.1 0.46 Cholesterol (mmol/L) 5.1 ± 0.5 4.5 ± 0.6 0.03 4.7 ± 0.3 4.5 ± 0.3 0.13 4.4 ± 0.3 4.8 ± 0.3 0.19 Free fatty acids (mmol/L) 0.52 ± 0.03 0.72 ± 0.09 0.09 0.55 ± 0.05 0.67 ± 0.04 0.01 0.48 ± 0.05 0.56 ± 0.09 0.49 Saturated fatty acids (mmol/L) 4.18 ± 0.25 4.01 ± 0.21 0.11 3.46 ± 0.25 3.03 ± 0.19 0.002 3.59 ± 0.17 3.60 ± 0.17 0.27 Triglycerides (mmol/L) 1.31 ± 0.19 1.37 ± 0.25 0.97 1.60 ± 0.42 1.51 ± 0.28 0.92 1.57 ± 0.27 1.66 ± 0.31 0.70 HDL (mmol/L) 1.32 ± 0.09 1.12 ± 0.12 0.006 1.27 ± 0.09 1.24 ± 0.10 0.30 1.18 ± 0.11 1.28 ± 0.11 0.59 LDL (mmol/L) 3.9 ± 0.7 4.0 ± 0.7 0.69 2.9 ± 0.3 2.7 ± 0.3 0.06 2.6 ± 0.3 2.9 ± 0.3 0.32 Amino Acids Alanine (mmol/L) 0.45 ± 0.02 0.43 ± 0.4 0.49 0.44 ± 0.02 0.45 ± 0.02 0.77 0.45 ± 0.02 0.42 ± 0.02 0.37 Glutamine (mmol/L) 0.47 ± 0.02 0.47 ± 0.02 0.63 0.49 ± 0.02 0.49 ± 0.02 1.00 0.45 ± 0.02 0.46 ± 0.02 0.35 Glycine (mmol/L) 0.26 ± 0.007 0.28 ± 0.01 0.08 0.28 ± 0.009 0.29 ± 0.01 0.85 0.25 ± 0.006 0.26 ± 0.009 0.18 Histidine (mmol/L) 0.06 ± 0.003 0.06 ± 0.004 0.08 0.07 ± 0.003 0.06 ± 0.002 0.01 0.07 ± 0.003 0.07 ± 0.004 0.83 Isoleucine (mmol/L) 0.06 ± 0.004 0.05 ± 0.002 0.06 0.05 ± 0.005 0.05 ± 0.003 0.43 0.06 ± 0.004 0.06 ± 0.005 0.40 Leucine (mmol/L) 0.08 ± 0.005 0.07 ± 0.003 0.02 0.08 ± 0.004 0.08 ± 0.003 0.63 0.08 ± 0.005 0.09 ± 0.006 0.50 Phenylalanine (mmol/L) 0.08 ± 0.005 0.08 ± 0.003 0.23 0.08 ± 0.003 0.09 ± 0.003 0.08 0.08 ± 0.004 0.09 ± 0.005 0.03