Franny Jongbloed

210 CHAPTER 8 for comparison. A principal component analysis (PCA) showed that gender represented the largest discriminator (Figure S5). Therefore, we decided to separately analyze male (n=3-5) and female (n=5-7) kidneys. The PCA of the female kidney transcriptome showed the largest differentiation between the control and CCPR groups on the PC axis 1 (Figure 4A). For male donors, some differentiation was seen on PC axis 2 (Figure 4B). Since one sample had to be excluded due to a low RNA yield, only 3 male patients in the CCPR group remained. In view of the statistics, the analysis was restricted to the females and later, the data of the males were compared to search for similarities. Results of the analysis of these male kidney tissues are given in Table S3. POD-1 POD1 POD2 POD3 POD4 POD5 POD6 POD7 POD14 POD21 POMo1 POMo2 POMo3 POMo6 0 200 400 600 800 1000 CCPR (n=15) Control (n=20) Dietary intervention period Creatinine ( mmol/L) POD-1 POD1 POD2 POD3 POD4 POD5 POD6 POD7 POD14 POD21 POMo1 POMo2 POMo3 POMo6 0 20 40 60 80 100 CCPR (n=15) Control (n=20) Dietary intervention period Relative creatinine (%) POD-1 POD1 POD2 POD3 POD4 POD5 POD6 POD7 POD14 POD21 POMo1 POMo2 POMo3 POMo6 0 20 40 60 80 CCPR (n=15) Control (n=20) Dietary intervention period CKD-EPI eGFR (mL/min) POD-1 POD1 POD2 POD3 POD4 POD5 POD6 POD7 POD14 POD21 POMo1 POMo2 POMo3 POMo6 0 200 400 600 800 1000 CCPR (n=15) Control (n=20) Dietary intervention period Relative CKD-EPI eGFR (%) A B C D Figure 3. Kidney function of transplant recipients before and after surgery. (A) Serum creatinine showed a trend towards absolute lower levels in the CCPR-group throughout the first 14 days after surgery. (B) Relative creatinine levels, calculated using POD-1 as cutoff value, showed a down sloping trend as from POD4 up to POD14. (C) Following the creatinine clearance, eGFR also showed a trend towards improvement in the CCPR-group throughout the first days after surgery. (D) Relative eGFR showed an improvement in clearance in the CCPR-group as well. Values are depicted as median ± interquartile range. CCPR = combined calorie and protein restriction; POD = postoperative day; POMo = postoperative month; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate using the CKD-EPI formula.