Franny Jongbloed

32 CHAPTER 2 Table 1. Top 15 canonical pathways in kidney of aged and young mice in response to fasting compared with ad libitum Canonical Pathways AGED P- value Genes Ratio LXR/RXR Activation 9.68 E -08 17/139 12.2%) Fatty Acid β-oxidation I 1.30 E -07 9/45 (20.0%) Superpathway of Cholesterol Biosynthesis 1.30 E -07 9/87 (10.3%) LPS/IL-1 Mediated Inhibition of RXR Function 6.08 E -07 22/245 (9.0%) Stereate Biosynthesis I (Animals) 6.32 E -06 8/49 (16.3%) Cholesterol Biosynthesis I/II/III 2.31 E -05 5/40 (12.5%) TR/RXR Activation 1.96 E -04 10/109 (9.2%) NRF2-mediated Oxidative Stress Response 2.96 E -04 15/195 (7.7%) Dopamine Degradation 5.84 E -04 5/38 (13.2%) Androgen Biosynthesis 5.91 E -04 4/26 (15.4%) Mevalonate Pathway I 7.87 E -04 4/29 (13.8%) Alanine Degradation III/Biosynthesis II 8.86 E -04 2/6 (33.3%) γ-linolenate Biosynthesis II (Animals) 1.31 E -03 4/24 (16.7%) Superpathway of Geranylgeranyldiphosphate Biosynthesis I (via Mevalonate) 2.04 E -03 4/37 (10.8%) Canonical Pathways YOUNG P- value Genes Ratio Superpathway of Cholesterol Biosynthesis 1.19 E -08 14/87 (16.1%) NRF2-mediated Oxidative Stress Response 3.46 E -07 35/195 17.9%) LXR/RXR Activation 4.46 E -07 27/139 19.4%) Cholesterol Biosynthesis I/II/III 1.16 E -06 8/40 (20.0%) LPS/IL-1 Mediated Inhibition of RXR Function 6.87 E -06 37/245 15.1%) VDR/RXR Activation 8.03 E -05 17/88 (19.3%) Acute Phase Response Signaling 1.04 E -04 28/181 15.5%) Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling 1.24 E -04 38/299 12.7%) Xenobiotic Metabolism Signaling 2.70 E -04 38/288 13.2%) AMPK Signaling 2.75 E -04 23/181(12.7%) Fatty Acid β-oxidation I 3.17 E -04 9/45 (20.0%) GADD45 Signaling 5.23 E -04 7/24 (29.2%) PPARα/RXRα Activation 5.39 E -04 27/200 13.5%) Production of Nitric Oxide and Reactive Oxygen Species 6.44 E -04 27/212 12.7%) FXR/RXR Activation 8.48 E -04 16/110 14.5%) Canonical pathways differentially regulated by 3-day fasting in kidneys from aged mice and young mice compared to their ad libitum controls. Pathways are ranked by their corresponding P- value. Genes Ratio is the number of genes significantly differentially regulated in the pathway.