Flipbook

5 SAFETY BEHAVIOR AFTER EXTINCTION TRIGGERS A RETURN OF THREAT EXPECTANCY 133 From the final Extinction phase trial to the Test phase, the change in threat expectancy differed between A, B, and C, F (1.94,43.34) = 4.68, p = .02, η p 2 = .14. There were no main effects of Trial, F < 1, and Stimulus, F (1.57,45.46) = 2.23, p = .13. From the final Extinction phase trial to the Test phase, threat expectancy did not significantly change for A, t < 1, and decreased for B, t (29) = 2.69, p = .01, d = 0.33. Crucially, however, threat expectancy increased for C, t (29) = 1.89, p = .03, d = 0.47 (one-tailed), which was in line with our hypothesis. Figure 1. Mean threat expectancy for A, B, and C. See Table 1 for explanation of trial types. A+ A+ A*(+) A- A- A- B- B- B- B- B- B*- C+ C+ C*(+) C- C- C*- 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Pavlovian acquisition Safety behavior acquisition Extinction Return of safety behavior Test Threat expectancy