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CHAPTER 5 142 Olatunji, B. O., Etzel, E. N., Tomarken, A. J., Ciesielski, B. G., & Deacon, B. (2011). The effects of safety behaviors on health anxiety: An experimental investigation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 719–728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2011.07.008 Pittig, A., Brand, M., Pawlikowski, M., & Alpers, G. W. (2014). The cost of fear: avoidant decision making in a spider gambling task. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28, 326-334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.03.001 Python Software Foundation. Python Programming Language, version 2.7.3. https://www.python.org Rattel, J. A., Miedl, S. F., Blechert, J., & Wilhelm, F. H. (2017). Higher threat avoidance costs reduce avoidance behaviour which in turn promotes fear extinction in humans. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 96, 37-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.12.010 Rinck, M., & Becker, E. S. (2007). Approach and avoidance in fear of spiders. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 38, 105-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.10.001 Salkovskis, P. M. (1991). The importance of behaviour in the maintenance of anxiety and panic: A cognitive account. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 19 , 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0141347300011472 Salkovskis, P. M., Clark, D. M., & Gelder, M. G. (1996). Cognition-behaviour links in the persistence of panic. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 34 , 453-458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967 (95)00083-6 Sloan, T., & Telch, M. J. (2002). The effects of safety-seeking behavior and guided threat reappraisal on fear reduction during exposure: An experimental investigation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 235-251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005- 7967(01)00007-9 Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene (1970). STAI Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. Treanor, M., & Barry, T. J. (2017). Treatment of avoidance behavior as an adjunct to exposure therapy: Insights from modern learning theory. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 96, 30- 36 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2017.04.009