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7 ACTIVE APPROACH DOES NOT ADD TO THE EFFECTS OF IN VIVO EXPOSURE 173 the cart had been pulled all the way toward the participant, BAT steps 8 to 13 were suggested. The Exposure only procedure was similar to Exposure + approach, except that the experimenter pulled the spider toward the participant. Participants in the control condition completed a filler task (reading magazines) for 15 minutes, with the spider out of sight. Next, the APT, FSQ, and final BAT were administered. Finally, participants were asked to rate the pleasantness of the procedure on a 0 (very unpleasant) to 100 (very pleasant) scale, and were debriefed, thanked, and rewarded. Data analysis Due to a technical error, APT data were not collected for one participant. Incorrect responses (2.50%) and reaction times below 200 ms or above 1500 ms (5.12%) were discarded. APT evaluation scores were calculated by subtracting the mean reaction time (ms) of the positive target words from the mean reaction time of the negative targets for each prime type (Engelhard et al., 2014; cf. Kerkhof, Vansteenwegen, Baeyens, & Hermans, 2011). Higher evaluation scores indicate a more positive evaluation of the prime, but the scores should not to be interpreted as absolute values, with zero indicating a neutral evaluation, because reaction times for positive and negative targets may differ overall (Kerkhof et al., 2011). Outliers were replaced by M ± 3 SD . Effects on outcome measures were analyzed using 2 (Time; pre-test and post-test), and, in case of APT analyses, x 2 (Evaluation score; spider or neutral) x 3 (Condition) mixed ANOVAs; pairwise comparisons of pre- to posttest difference scores using Bonferroni correction; and paired t-tests. For all analyses, α = .05.