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CHAPTER 7 182 protocol to prevent experimenter’s bias. Rejection of our main hypothesis suggests that it is unlikely that this affected our data. In conclusion, although our results did not show an effect of pulling a feared stimulus toward you compared to having it pulled toward you by the experimenter during exposure, this does not necessarily imply that approach behavior is not relevant to the understanding of the beneficial effects of ERP. The mere visual impression of approach, and/or the decision to approach may be of influence on fear reduction. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Kees van Uijen for building the construction, and Isabelle de Leeuw and Tosca Schilperoort for collecting the data. REFERENCES Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1994). Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 25 , 49- 59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916( 94)90063-9 Cacioppo, J. T., Priester, J. R., & Berntson, G. G. (1993). Rudimentary determinants of attitudes. II: Arm flexion and extension have differential effects on attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 5-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.5 Chen, M., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 215-224. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167299025002007 De Jong, P. J., Merckelbach, H., & Arntz, A. (1991). Eyeblink startle responses in spider phobics before and after treatment: A pilot study. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 13, 213-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00960785