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7 ACTIVE APPROACH DOES NOT ADD TO THE EFFECTS OF IN VIVO EXPOSURE 183 De Jong, P. J., Vorage, I., & van den Hout, M. A. (2000). Counterconditioning in the treatment of spider phobia: Effects on disgust, fear and valence. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 1055-1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7967 (99)00135-7 De Houwer, J. (2006). What are implicit measures and why are we using them. In R. W. Wiers, & A. W. Stacy (Eds.), Handbook of implicit cognition and addiction . (pp. 11-28). CA: SAGE: Thousand Oaks. De Houwer, J., Teige-Mocigemba, S., Spruyt, A., & Moors, A. (2009). Implicit measures: A normative analysis and review. Psychological Bulletin, 135 , 347-368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014211 Engelhard, I. M., Leer, A., Lange, E., & Olatunji, B. O. (2014). Shaking that icky feeling: Effects of extinction and counterconditioning on learned disgust. Behavior Therapy, 45, 708-719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2014.04.003 Engelhard, I. M., van Uijen, S. L., van Seters, N., & Velu, N. (2015). The effects of safety behavior directed towards a safety cue on perceptions of threat . Behavior Therapy, 46, 604-610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2014.12.006 Fazio, R. H., Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Powell, M. C., & Kardes, F. R. (1986). On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50 , 229-237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.2.229 Förster, J. (2003). The influence of approach and avoidance motor actions on food intake. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 339-350. doi:10.1002/ejsp.150 Gangemi, A., Mancini, F., & van den Hout, M. (2012). Behavior as information: “If I avoid, then there must be a danger”. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43, 1032-1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.04.005 Gunter, R. W., & Whittal, M. L. (2010). Dissemination of cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety disorders: Overcoming barriers and improving patient access. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 194-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.001 Haidt, J., McCauley, C., & Rozin, P. (1994). Individual differences in sensitivity to disgust: A scale sampling seven domains of disgust elicitors. Personality and Individual Differences, 16, 701-713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869 (94)90212-7