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2 DO SAFETY BEHAVIORS PRESERVE THREAT BELIEFS? 49 hypothesized that threat expectancy in the Test phase would be lower for C than for A in the Subtle safety behavior and Control condition. METHOD Participants The sample consisted of 64 student volunteers ( M age = 22.64, SD = 2.89, 44 women, 20 men). They were randomly allocated to the Full avoidance ( n = 21), Subtle safety behavior ( n = 22), or Control condition ( n = 21). Apparatus, stimuli, measures, and procedure The apparatus, stimuli, and measures were similar to Experiment 1. The design of Experiment 2 is shown in Table 2. The procedure was similar to Experiment 1, except for the changes described under Experiment 2. Participants in the Subtle safety behavior condition could use subtle safety behavior (i.e., could take off the headphones) during unreinforced C trials in the Extinction phase. Because we did not measure pupil dilations, the eye tracker and chin- and forehead rest were not used, and participants were tested in a regularly lighted room. In this study, Cronbach’s α was .89 for state and trait anxiety.