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CHAPTER 2 58 the categorical rejection of safety behavior during treatment made by Rachman et al. (2008). However, for several participants, safety behavior that minimized threat severity prevented extinction learning. The negative effects of safety behavior on extinction learning may not only depend on whether safety behavior aims to preclude the occurrence of threat. Future research is needed to investigate which safety behaviors should be eliminated during exposure-based therapy, and which safety behaviors may be incorporated into treatment, and for whom. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Vera Bouwman and Rinske van den Heuvel for their help with the data collection, Stefan van der Stigchel for providing us with the lab and equipment to collect the data for experiment 1, Angelos Krypotos for extracting the data, and Kevin van Schie for his helpful input while writing the manuscript. REFERENCES Abramowitz, J. S., Deacon, B. J., & Whiteside, S. P. (2011). Exposure therapy for anxiety: Principles and practice. New York: Guilford Press. Blakey, S. M., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2016). The effects of safety behaviors during exposure therapy for anxiety: Critical analysis from an inhibitory learning perspective. Clinical Psychology Review, 49, 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.07.002 Blumenthal, T. D., Cuthbert, B. N., Filion, D. L., Hackley, S., Lipp, O. V. and Van Boxtel, A. (2005). Committee report: Guidelines for human startle eyeblink electromyographic studies. Psychophysiology, 42 , 1–15. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00271.x