Teun Remmers

Investigating determinants of children's outside play | 57 Table 2: Linear regression models examining factors related to child outside play at age five (min/day) Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 beta (95% CI) beta (95% CI) beta (95% CI) beta (95% CI) n 1940 1390 1968 1337 Socio-demographics Child age at baseline 14.42 (6.71 to 22.14) 13.61 (5.13 to 22.08) Child gender; boy 6.52 (1.12 to 11.91) 4.07 (−1.79 to 9.93) Child ethnic background; Dutch 1.79 (−11.99 to 15.57) −4.45 (−20.26 to 11.36) Child BMI 2.11 (0.25 to 3.96) 2.00 (−0.22 to 4.21) Parental age at baseline −0.62 (−1.28 to 0.03) −0.33 (−1.08 to 0.42) Parental ethnic background; Dutch 22.94 (4.74 to 41.14) 11.34 (−11.12 to 33.80) Parental BMI 0.26 (−0.08 to 0.60) 1.14 (0.26 to 2.02) Parental education level Low reference reference Mid-low 15.61 (−7.34 to 38.55) 15.64 (−21.27 to 52.56) Mid-high 7.82 (−14.40 to 30.04) 10.35 (−25.97 to 46.67) High −3.90 (−26.26 to 18.46) −2.04 (−38.45 to 34.37) Family environment 1 Parental attitude (agree) −4.32 (−8.01 to −0.63) −3.78 (−7.46 to −0.10) Family attitude (agree) −2.30 (−6.15 to 1.55) −2.41 (−6.27 to 1.46) Perceived difficulty (agree) −18.06 (−28.12 to −8.00) −16.33 (−26.41 to −6.26) Habit strength (agree) 33.89 (25.52 to 42.75) 33.41 (25.05 to 41.77) Intention to improve (agree) −10.81 (−17.64 to −3.98) −12.83 (−19.73 to −5.92) Presence of rules 23.98 (17.60 to 30.36) 19.87 (13.44 to 26.30) Presence of monitoring 4.90 (−2.90 to 12.70) 4.87 (−2.97 to 12.71) Presence of active encouragement −5.26 (−12.71 to 2.19) −3.00 (−10.48 to 4.48) Child autonomy (agree) 12.16 (3.83 to 20.49) 11.66 (3.30 to 20.02) Modelling parent (#days physically active) 0.88 (−0.63 to 2.39) 0.58 (−0.95 to 2.10) Modelling partner (#days physically active) 0.39 (−0.99 to 1.78) 0.84 (−0.58 to 2.25) Modelling siblings (#days physically active) 5.01 (3.02 to 6.99) 4.82 (2.81 to 6.83) Perceived physical environment 1 Safety perception during daytime (agree) −0.81 (−9.67 to 8.05) 0.20 (−9.54 to 9.94) Safety perception during evenings (agree) 11.82 (4.89 to 18.74) 5.21 (−2.15 to 12.58) Friendliness for children (agree) 4.43 (−6.52 to 15.37) −2.63 (−14.53 to 9.27) Attractiveness for children (agree) 0.84 (−9.03 to 10.72) −2.79 (−13.43 to 7.85) Safety of outside play without supervision (agree) 1.91 (−4.99 to 8.81) −0.40 (−7.89 to 7.09) R-square 2 0.13 0.27 0.10 0.31 1 : For details on the measures used see Table S1 (in Appendix 1). 2 : R square statistic represents the level of variance explained by the general linear model. Note: numbers printed bold represent a statistically significant (p < .05) association between the predictor and child outside play at five years old.