Teun Remmers

58 | Chapter 4 Associates of OP at child age seven Table 3 shows longitudinal associations between predictors at child age five and OP at child age seven. Child and parental ethnic background, parental BMI, parental self- confidence, traffic business in the neighborhood and the presence of sidewalks in the neighborhood showed a non-significant univariate association with OP (p > 0.10) and were therefore not included in the models. Socio-demographic variables explained 10% of the variance in OP at age seven. Only education was consistently related with OP (p < 0.05); parents with high education reported their child to play outside 28.40 minutes less (95% CI = −55.66 to −1.14) compared to parents with low education. Family environment variables together explained 15% of the variance in OP at age seven. Parents who indicated difficulty towards improving OP reported 22.11 (95% CI = −33.41 to −10.81) less minutes of OP. Parents with a habit towards improving OP reported 23.99 (95% CI = 14.61 to 33.61) more minutes of OP. The presence of rules regarding OP was associated with 16.46 (95% CI = 9.26 to 23.67) more minutes of OP. Parental active encouragement at child age five was associated with 8.91 (95% CI = −17.33 to −0.48) less minutes of OP at child age seven. Perceived PE together explained 6% of the variance in OP at age seven. No variables within perceived PE were significantly related with OP at child age seven.