Teun Remmers

Investigating determinants of children's outside play | 59 Table 3: Linear regression models examining factors related to child outside play at age seven (min/day) Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4 beta (95%CI) beta (95%CI) beta (95%CI) beta (95%CI) n 1994 1390 1968 1363 Socio-demographics Child age at baseline 7.98 (0.88 to 15.09) 4.65 (−3.50 to 12.79) Child gender; boy 8.51 (2.68 to 14.34) 6.36 (−0.20 to 12.93) Child BMI 1.21 (−0.79 to 3.21) 1.72 (−0.72 to 4.16) Parental age at baseline −0.85 (−1.55 to −0.15) −0.41 (−1.23 to 0.41) Parental education level Low reference reference Mid-low 17.59 (−2.34 to 37.52) 8.87 (−19.62 to 37.35) Mid-high −1.73 (−20.66 to 17.20) −8.25 (−35.67 to 19.17) High −19.50 (−38.58 to −0.41) −26.63 (−54.10 to 0.84) Family environment 1 Parental attitude (agree) −3.80 (−7.97 to 0.37) −3.97 (−8.08 to 0.15) Family attitude (agree) −3.22 (−7.57 to 1.13) −2.87 (−7.19 to 1.45) Perceived difficulty (agree) −24.44 (−35.81 to −13.06) −22.11 (−33.41 to −10.81) Habit strength (agree) 25.19 (15.72 to 34.67) 23.99 (14.61 to 33.36) Intention to improve (agree) −1.12 (−8.84 to 6.60) −2.88 (−10.57 to 4.81) Presence of rules 21.49 (14.28 to 28.69) 16.46 (9.26 to 23.67) Presence of monitoring 2.97 (−5.83 to 11.78) 5.30 (−3.42 to 14.02) Presence of active encouragement −10.82 (−19.25 to −2.39) −8.91 (−17.33 to −0.48) Child autonomy (agree) 5.48 (−3.95 to 14.90) 4.80 (−4.59 to 14.19) Modelling parent (#days physically active) 0.50 (−1.21 to 2.20) 0.45 (−1.24 to 2.15) Modelling partner (#days physically active) 1.49 (−0.07 to 3.05) 1.85 (0.27 to 3.42) Modelling siblings (#days physically active) 1.06 (−1.18 to 3.30) 1.27 (−0.99 to 3.52) Perceived physical environment 1 Safety perception during daytime (agree) −3.57 (−13.24 to 6.10) 2.88 (−8.03 to 13.79) Safety perception during evenings (agree) 8.68 (1.18 to 16.19) 3.54 (−4.68 to 11.76) Friendliness for children (agree) 4.63 (−7.31 to 16.57) −5.57 (−18.66 to 7.72) Attractiveness for children (agree) 4.88 (−5.89 to 15.64) 3.21 (−8.62 to 15.05) Safety of outside play without supervision (agree) 3.93 (−3.57 to 11.43) 0.12 (−8.22 to 8.47) R-square 2 0.10 0.15 0.06 0.20 1 : For details on the measures used see Table S1 in Appendix 1. 2 : R square statistic represents the level of variance explained by the general linear model. Note: numbers printed bold represent a statistically significant (p < .05) association between the predictor and child outside play at five years old.