Marilen Benner

MICROBIOTA AND ENDOMETRIAL HEALTH 145 6 Fang et al., 2016 Investigation of endometrial microbial colonization related to endometrial polyps • 10 Fertile Average 30.9 (±1.56) Transcervical swabs 1 Vaginal swabs MiSeq® (Illumina) V4 Proteobacteria (73%), Firmicutes (14%) and Actinobacteria (5%) on phylum level; Enterobacter (33%), Pseudomonas (24%) and Lactobacillus (6%) on genus level in healthy cohort Differences in detected phyla/ genera in patient versus control cohort less Enterobacter and Pseudomonas whereas more Lactobacillus than in diseased. Higher Shannon diversity in patient cohort. • 10 Endometrial polyps 34.4 ± 2.44 • 10 Endometrial polyps and chronic endometritis Average 35.2 ± 1.3 Moreno et al., 2016 Investigation of the presence of a uterine microbiome • 13 Fertile Range 18-35 Transcervical; Endometrial fluid aspirated through a catheter 2 samples endometrial fluid per woman, obtained in prereceptive and receptive phase within the same menstrual cycle (n=26) Vaginal aspirates 454 pyro- sequencing on 454 Life Sciences GS FLX+ instrument (Roche) V3-V5 71.7% Lactobacillus , 12.6% G ardnerella , 3.7% Bifidobacterium , 3.2% Streptococcus , 0.9% Prevotella; if samples non-Lactobacillus dominated Atopodium, Clostridium, Gardnerella, Megasphaera, Parvimonas, Prevotella, Sphingomonas or Sneathia genera abundant Stratification into Lactobacillus versus non-Lactobacillus dominated group (containing high proportion of Atopodium, Clostridium, Gardnerella, Megasphaera, Parvimonas, Prevotella, Sphingomonas or Sneathia genera). Hormonal regulation of microbiome • 22 Fertile Range 18-35 1 endometrial sample taken in menstrual cycle before embryo transfer No variation in bacterial community composition in prereceptive versus receptive phase in most subjects (n=18 of 22) Impact on reproductive outcome • 35 Infertile, undergoing IVF, receptive endometrium Range 25-40 Negative association of non- Lactobacillus dominated subjects with pregnancy outcome (decreased implantation of 23.1% versus 60.7%; pregnancy rates 33.3% versus 70.6%; ongoing pregnancy rates 13.3% versus 58.8%, and live birth rates 6.7% versus 58.8%).