Marilen Benner

CHAPTER 6 146 Walther-Antonio et al., 2016 Composition of the uterine microbiome, its role in endometrial cancer • 10 Benign uterine conditions (pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding, fibroids, prolapse) Median 44.5 (range 43.5- 2.5) Hysterectomy; Uterus, Fallopian tubes and ovaries excised, biopsy and scrapes taken. 1 Lysogeny broth kept open during sample acquisition swabbed, controls of DNA extraction/ microbiome enrichment process. Pre-operative vaginal/ cervical swabs MiSeq (Illumina) V3-V5 Shigella, Barnesiella, Staphylococcus, Blautia, Parabacteroides Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium dominant in cancer group, enrichment of Firmicutes ( Anaerostipes, ph2, Dialister, Peptoniphilus, 1-68, Ruminococcus, Anaerotruncus ), Spirochaetes ( Treponema ), Actinobacteria ( Atopobium vaginae ), Bacteroidetes ( Bacteroides and Porphyromonas ), and Proteobacteria ( Arthrospira ). Higher diversity in cancer cohort, especially within the uterus. Presence of Atopobium vaginae and spp. 99% matching P.somerae as predictor of disease status. • 4 Endometrial hyperplasia (cancer precursor) Median 54 (range 50.75- 2.5) • 17 Endometrial cancer Median 64 (range 58-71) Miles et al., 2017 Investigation of microbiota composition within female reproductive tract of women undergoing hysterectomy/ bilateral salpingo- oopherectomy (pilot) • 10 Undergoing hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo- oopherectomy Median 49 (range 41 - 59) Varying route of hysterectomy, transvaginal (1/10), abdominal (1/10), robot- assisted (1/10), and laparoscopic (7/10) 1 Vaginal swabs (preceding surgery) 454 pyro- sequencing on Life Sciences instrument (Roche) V1 - V3 Lactobacillus, Acinetobacter, Blautia, Corynebacterium Staphylococcus Various attempts to sequence endometrial samples of patient with atrophic endometrium were negative. Tao et al., 2017 Investigation of endometrial microbial colonization at the time of embryo transfer during IVF using ulta-low bacteria counts • 70 Undergoing IVF Average 36.2 (range 22.3 - 46) Transcervical; distal portion of transfer catheter used for embryo transfer 1 MiSeq (Illumina) V4 Lactobacillus spp 33 samples contained over 90% of Lactobacillus abundance, 50 samples over 70%, Corynebacterium (40 patients), Staphylococcus (38 patients) Streptococcus (38 patients), Bifidobacterium (15 patients) 16S analysis tested on diluted single- and poly-microbial samples. Sample processing allows reliable results on species classification and abundance with low biomass sampling of 60 bacterial cells. Table 1. Continued