Vincent de Leijster

182 Table A6-2. Scenarios for potential revenues of timber and carbon. Timber Carbon Harvest rate / 18 y Discount rate CO 2 offset price Discount rate Timber trees contributing to carbon Minimum 18 % 10 % €2.85 10% 82 % Realistic 50 % 8 % €2.85 8 % 50 % Maximum 100 % 6 % €13.35 6 % 0 % Methods: Management costs Pest control Agrochemicals: We asked the farmer which product he/she used to control the pest or disease. Farmers used a manual backpack sprayer (coffee berry borer, leaf rust, mealybug, M. coffeicola, red spider mite, leaf cutter ants) and manual control (coffee berry borer; réré). The prices and application doses of agrochemical products were averaged from price lists of agrochemical shops in the villages of Santuario and Guática (May 2019) and are reported in the appendix (Table A1). We calculated the ‘costs of agrochemical products’ that farmers used by multiplying the ‘value of product’ by the ‘doses’ and an assumed ‘application time’ of 2.4 days/ha (Table 1). Labor and costs of pest control: We collected information on how many labor hours were spent to apply the agrochemicals, how often they were applied and whether they were applied on the entire farm or in specified areas. Based on the information provided by local extensionists of the Comité Departemental de Cafeteros de Risaralda and farmers we assumed that 2.4 labor days were needed to spray one hectare of coffee. If farmers did not apply pesticides to the entire farm, but in a specific area, then we divided the labor hours they spend by the assumed number of labor hours needed and multiplied this fraction by the agrochemical costs. Coffee berry borer was also manually controlled, and these labor hours were also recorded. Finally, we checked whether the product that was used for the targeted pest or disease was used correctly (e.g. fungicide for a fungus and not pesticide) to have an estimate about the knowledge level of the farmers.