Vincent de Leijster

183 Appendices Herb control For ‘herb control management’ we collected information about (i) the quantity of herbicides used and their costs, (ii) the costs of mechanical (brush cutter) and manual (machete) herb control, and (iii) the labor time spent on these activities. Specifically, we asked the names of the herbicides that were applied, the frequency of application and the labor time spent. Like for pesticides, we assumed an herbicide application time of 2.4 labor days per ha, since the same tools were used. The prices and application rates (4 L ha -1 ) of herbicides were also obtained from the agrochemical shops (appendix Table A1). We multiplied the cost of herbicides by the application rate, and by the frequency of application per year to obtain the ‘costs for herbicides’. For the bush cutter we assumed a fuel consumption of 10.6 L gasoline ha -1 (n=2) and price of gasoline of €0.69 L -1 ( link ). We asked for the labor time spent using the brush cutter and herb control with machete. Plantain and fruit tree management For the farmers that applied chemical fertilization to the plantains (brand name Platanero), we assumed a standardized application rate of 80 grams per plant as is recommended by the agrochemical shop (appendix Table A1). For the fertilization of fruit trees (only for citruses) we recorded the quantity that farmers applied per tree which we multiplied with the cost of the product (15-15-15), timber trees were not fertilized. Table A6-3. Agrochemicals that were used in this study and their corresponding prices and application rates (appl. rate). The application rate for fertilizers was asked to each farmer as farmers used different doses. Fertilizer costs were calculated by price per kg, multiplied to quantity that farmer applied per coffee bush, multiplied to planting density, multiplied by the frequency of application per year and finally multiplied with a partial factor if farmer indicated that it was not applied on the entire farm. Purpose Product name Price (COL$) Doses Appl.time Pesticide – Coffee berry borer Voliam Flexi 296900 / L 0.35 L/ha 2.4 jorn/ha Pesticide – Coffee berry borer Lorsban 4E 33000 / L 1.65 L/ha 2.4 jorn/ha Pesticide – Coffee berry borer Pyrinex 24600 / L 1.50 L/ha 2.4 jorn/ha Pesticide – Coffee berry borer Other Chlorpyrifos 28800 / L 1.60 L/ha 2.4 jorn/ha Pesticide – Araña roja Abafed 35000 / L 1.00 L/ha 2.4 jorn/ha Pesticide – Araña roja Unknown 35000 / L 1.00 L/ha 2.4 jorn/ha Pesticide - Mealybug Verdadero 366250 / kg 0.25 kg/ha 2.4 jorn/ha Pesticide - Mealybug Chlorpyrifos 28800 / L 1.60 L/ha 2.4 jorn/ha Fungicide – Coffee rust Amistar 237750 / L 0.75 L/ha 2.4 jorn/ha Fungicide – Coffee rust Impact 98100 / L 1.00 L/ha 2.4 jorn/ha Fungicide – Coffee rust Alto100 219350 / L 0.25 L/ha 2.4 jorn/ha Fungicide – Coffee rust Unknown / Other 185000 / L 0.67 L/ha 2.4 jorn/ha Fungicide – Mancha de hierro Impact 98100 / L 1.00 L/ha 2.4 jorn/ha Fungicide – Mancha de hierro Other 185000 / L 0.67 L/ha 2.4 jorn/ha