Vincent de Leijster

89 Ecosystem services trajectories in coffee agroforestry in Colombia over 40 years 5 Figure 5-1. Map of study area, a) location in Colombia, b) location of study sites (farms) in the Department Risaralda. 5.2.2 Experimental design We set our study to collect data on farms along a time gradient of 1-40 years since transitioning from monoculture to agroforestry. This meant that a minimum of 125 trees per hectare were originally planted on at least a part of the farm, but we did not consider tree species and arrangements. The selection of coffee plantations, hereafter referred to as farms, was done in collaboration with the Colombian National Coffee Growers Federation (Federación Nacional de Cafeteros, FNC) because this organization has been involved in several tree planting projects in the coffee region. For example, a project lead by the German Development Bank (KfW; Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau) involved planting of trees (Cordia alliodora, common name Laurel or Nogal cafetero, and Eucalyptus grandis, common name flooded gum) in coffee fields in the period between 2007 and 2015 and in another project lead by CARDER (Corporación Autónoma Regional de Risaralda) trees were planted