Chapter 5 80 Table 2. Recurrent tumour characteristics, treatment and outcomes Time to recurrence (months)a Median (IQR) Number of recurrence 1 2-3 Multifocality No Yes Induction chemotherapy No Yes Neoadjuvant radiotherapy None Short-course radiotherapy Full-course (chemo)radiotherapy (Chemo)reirradiation Type of surgery Low anterior resection Abdominoperineal resection Nonvisceral resection Multivisceral resection Intraoperative radiotherapy No Yes Resection margin R0 R1/R2 Histologyb Adenocarcinoma Mucinous carcinoma Postoperative complications Clavien-Dindo 1-2 Clavien-Dindo 3-5 Values in parentheses are percentages unless otherwise specified. a Duration between primary surgery and current recurrence; missing values n=8. Distant recurrence The 3-year MFS rate in all patients was 45 percent (median 25.6 months), and 52 percent, 33percent, and 13percent inpatientswithoutmetastases, withahistoryofmetastases, and with synchronous metastases, respectively (P < 0.001; Figure 1C). Subgroup comparisons showed no significant difference between patients without metastases and those with a history ofmetastases (P =0.087). Significant differences existedbetweenpatientswithout metastases and thosewith synchronousmetastases (P < 0.001) and thosewith a history of metastases versus thosewith synchronousmetastases (P = 0.003).
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