Impact of metastases on survival 81 CHAPTER 5 Total No metastases History of metastases Synchronous metastases P-value N = 349 N = 261 N = 42 N = 46 31 (19-50) 31 (19-49) 42 (34-63) 26 (17-47) 0.013 296 (84.8) 229 (87.7) 30 (71.4) 37 (80.4) 0.016 53 (15.2) 32 (12.3) 12 (28.6) 9 (19.6) 310 (88.8) 235 (90.0) 36 (85.7) 39 (84.8) 0.460 39 (11.2) 26 (10.0) 6 (14.3) 7 (15.2) 237 (67.9) 186 (71.3) 27 (64.3) 24 (52.2) 0.033 112 (32.1) 75 (28.7) 15 (35.7) 22 (47.8) 27 (7.7) 14 (5.4) 8 (19.0) 5 (11.1) 0.012 3 (0.9) 2 (0.8) 0 (0) 1 (2.2) 117 (33.5) 88 (33.7) 9 (21.4) 20 (43.5) 202 (57.9) 157 (60.2) 25 (59.5) 20 (43.5) 54 (15.5) 39 (14.9) 5 (11.9) 10 (21.7) 0.744 25 (7.2) 17 (6.5) 4 (9.5) 4 (8.7) 32 (9.2) 24 (9.2) 5 (11.9) 3 (6.5) 238 (68.2) 181 (69.3) 28 (66.7) 29 (63.0) 60 (17.2) 43 (16.5) 8 (19.0) 9 (19.6) 0.828 289 (82.2) 218 (83.5) 34 (81.0) 37 (80.4) 219 (62.8) 166 (63.6) 29 (69.0) 24 (52.2) 0.224 130 (37.2) 95 (36.4) 13 (31.0) 22 (47.8) 287 (92) 216 (92) 32 (91) 39 (89) 0.657 26 (8) 18 (8) 3 (9) 5 (11) 254 (72.8) 191 (73.2) 31 (73.8) 32 (69.6) 0.868 95 (27.2) 70 (26.8) 11 (26.2) 14 (30.4) b Missing values n=36, as these patients had a complete pathological response. IQR, interquartile range. Univariable and multivariable analyses The results of univariable and multivariable analyses are shown in Table 4. After multivariable analysis, older age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.62; 95 percent CI 1.23–2.14; P = 0.001), positive lymph nodes with the primary resection (HR 1.38; 95 percent CI 1.02–1.89; P =0.040) and a resectionwith involvedmargins (R1/2 resection) (HR 2.06; 95 percent CI 1.55–2.74; P < 0.001) were associated with a worse OS, whereas neoadjuvant treatment with full-course (chemo)radiotherapy (HR 0.42; 95 percent CI 0.21-0.81; P = 0.010) and (chemo)reirradiation (HR 0.50; 95 percent CI 0.30–0.84; P = 0.009) were associated with an improved OS.
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