Tiam Mana Saffari

171 STEM CELLS, VASCULARITY, AND NERVE 8 Table 1 – (Continued) Source Origin Location of harvest Properties/ Mechanism Advantage Disadvantage Adipose- derived stem cells (ADSC) Multipotent stem cells Adipose tissue Stimulate myelination, exert neurotrophic factors, reduce inflammation - Minimally invasive harvesting - A higher proportion, superior proliferation, stem cell fraction and differentiation potential compared to BMSCs - Valid Schwann cell alternative, one of the optimal choices for pre- clinical studies, aid angiogenesis - Differentiation potential exists towards adipocytes Fetal derived stem cells (FSC) Multipotent stem cells Amniotic membrane, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord cells, umbilical cord blood, and Wharton’s jelly. Augmented blood perfusion, enhanced intraneural vascularity - Easily obtained - Less immunoreactivity - Require storage of autologous cells after harvest Skin derived precursors (SKP-SC) Multipotent cells Dermis Replace Schwann cell myelination - Easy to harvest - Accessible - Highly similar to neural crest cells - Durable proliferative ability - Prolonged periods of cell expansion Muscle- derived stem/ progenitor cells (MDSPC) Progenitor cells Skeletal muscle Exert neurotrophic factors - Highly accessible - Long-term proliferation - Multipotent differentiation - Limited scientific support Hair follicle stem cells (HFSC) Multipotent stem cells Hair follicle Replace Schwann cell myelination, exert neurotrophic factors - Abundant and accessible source, multipotent differentiation - Differentiation into pure human Schwann cell population - Cannot be stored for long periods, difficult to isolate - Prolonged periods of cell expansion