Darcy Ummels

Counting steps in activities of daily living in people with a chronic disease | 25 2 Netherlands. Patients were included if they were aged 18 years and older and diagnosed with at least 1 of the following chronic diseases: cardiovascular disease, COPD, diabetes mellitus, chronic pain, cancer, or osteoarthritis. Exclusion criteria were insufficient understanding of the Dutch language, use of a walking aid, and asymmetrical gait (e.g., stroke). A power calculation was conducted, and a minimum of 57 participants with an equal spread among the 6 chronic subpopulations was considered to be sufficient for a validity study. 39 Activity trackers Researchers and physiotherapists agreed to the following selection criteria for commercially available activity trackers: costs less than €150 (US $185), no monthly costs for a subscription, real ‐ time feedback on the tracker to the user, measures number of steps, and no chest strap to perform heart rate measurements. To ensure that the scope of different system requirements was covered, trackers were randomly selected in a second round based on the following criteria: a variety of wearing places (e.g., belt, wrist) and types of activity trackers (e.g., pedometers, accelerometers). Hence, 9 activity trackers were selected: Accupedo (Corusen LLC), Activ8 (Remedy Distribution Ltd), Digi ‐ Walker CW ‐ 700 (Yamax), Fitbit Flex (Fitbit Inc), Lumoback (Lumo Bodytech), Moves (ProtoGeo Oy), Fitbit One (Fitbit Inc), UP24 (Jawbone), and the Walking Style X (Omron Healthcare Europe BV) (Table 2.1). Table 2.1 Selected commercially available activity trackers used in this validity study. Activity tracker Manufacturer Type Wearing position Outcome variables Accupedo Corusen LLC App Belt Number of steps Activ8 Remedy Distribution Ltd Accelerometer Trouser pocket Number of steps; time spent lying, sitting, standing, walking, running, and cycling; active minutes Digi ‐ Walker CW ‐ 700 Yamax Corp Pedometer Wrist Number of steps, active minutes Flex Fitbit Inc Accelerometer Wrist Number of steps, active minutes Lumoback Lumo Bodytech Accelerometer Lower back Number of steps; time spent lying, sitting, standing, walking, running, and cycling; active minutes; number of sit ‐ to ‐ stand transitions Moves ProtoGeo Oy App Trouser pocket Number of steps, active minutes One Fitbit Inc Accelerometer Belt Number of steps, active minutes UP24 Jawbone Accelerometer Wrist Number of steps, active minutes Walking Style X Omron Healthcare Europe BV Pedometer Belt Number of steps, active minutes