Josephine van Dongen

Chapter 6 154 References 1. de Bree LCJ, KoekenVACM, Joosten LAB, et al. Non-specific effects of vaccines: Current evidence and potential implications. Semin Immunol. 2018;39(April):35-43. doi:10.1016/j. smim.2018.06.002 2. Aaby P, Kollmann TR, Benn CS. Nonspecific effects of neonatal and infant vaccination: Public-health, immunological and conceptual challenges. Nat Immunol . 2014;15(10):895-899. doi:10.1038/ni.2961 3. Benn CS, Netea MG, Selin LK, Aaby P. A Small Jab - A Big Effect: Nonspecific Immunomodulation By Vaccines. Trends Immunol. 2013;34(9):431-439. doi:10.1016/j. it.2013.04.004 4. Pollard AJ, Finn A, Cur tis N. Non-specific effects of vaccines: Plausible and potentially impor tant, but implications uncer tain. Arch Dis Child. 2017;102(11):1077-1081. doi:10.1136/ archdischild-2015-310282 5. Freyne B, Donath S, Germano S, et al. Neonatal BCG vaccination influences cytokine responses to toll-like receptor ligands and heterologous antigens. J Infect Dis .2018;217(11):1798- 1808. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiy069 6. Jensen KJ, Larsen N, Sørensen SB, et al. Heterologous immunological effects of early BCG vaccination in low-bir th-weight infants in guinea-bissau: A randomized-controlled trial. J Infect Dis . 2015;211(6):956-967. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu508 7. Kleinnijenhuis J, Quintin J, Preijers F, et al. BCG-induced trained immunity in NK cells: Role for non-specific protection to infection. Clin Immunol . 2014;155(2):213-219. doi:10.1016/j. clim.2014.10.005 8. Kleinnijenhuis J, Quintin J, Preijers F, et al. Bacille Calmette-Guérin induces NOD2- dependent nonspecific protection from reinfection via epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 2012;109(43):17537-17542. doi:10.1073/pnas.1202870109 9. Netea MG, Domínguez-Andrés J, Barreiro LB, et al. Defining trained immunity and its role in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20(6):375-388. doi:10.1038/s41577-020- 0285-6 10. Moorlag SJCFM, Ar ts RJW, van Crevel R, Netea MG. Non-specific effects of BCG vaccine on viral infections. Clin Microbiol Infect . 2019;25(12):1473-1478. doi:10.1016/j. cmi.2019.04.020 11. Prentice S, Nassanga B, Webb EL, et al. BCG-induced non-specific effects on heterologous infectious disease in Ugandan neonates: an investigator-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis . 2021;0(0):1-11. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30653-8 12. Aaby P, Mar tins CL, Garly ML, et al. Non-specific effects of standard measles vaccine at 4.5 and 9 months of age on childhood mor tality: Randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2010;341(7785):1262. doi:10.1136/bmj.c6495 13. Lund N, Andersen A, Hansen ASK, et al. The Effect of Oral Polio Vaccine at Bir th on Infant Mor tality: A Randomized Trial. Clin Infect Dis . 2015;61(10):1504-1511. doi:10.1093/cid/ civ617 14. Lund N, Andersen A, Monteiro I, Aaby P, Benn CS. No effect of oral polio vaccine administered at bir th on mor tality and immune response to BCG: A natural experiment. Vaccine . 2012;30(47):6694-6699. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.055 15. Aaby P, Rodrigues A, Biai S, et al. Oral polio vaccination and low case fatality at the paediatric ward in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau. Vaccine . 2004;22(23-24):3014-3017. doi:10.1016/j. vaccine.2004.02.009 16. Marks GB, Ng K, Zhou J, et al. The effect of neonatal BCG vaccination on atopy and asthma at age 7 to 14 years: An historical cohor t study in a community with a very low

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