Crystal Smit

An Integrated Model 3 53 Attitude Based on Zebregs, van den Putte, de Graaf, Lammers, and Neijens (2015 ) study, two items were used to measure participants’ attitude toward eating fruits and vegetables. The sentence “I find eating fruits and vegetables as a snack . . .” ‘very unpleasant’ (1) to ‘very pleasant’ (4) and ‘very distasteful’ (1) to ‘very tasteful’ (4). Attitude toward drinking water was measured with the sentence: “I find drinking water . . .” ‘very unpleasant’ (1) to ‘very pleasant’ (4) and ‘very distasteful’ (1) to ‘very tasteful’ (4). Averaging the two items produced the total score for attitude toward eating fruit and vegetables or drinking water, which demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Spearman-Brown r s = .79 and .85, respectively). Self-Efficacy Participants’ self-efficacy regarding fruit and vegetable consumption was assessed using two items: (1) “Do you think you will succeed in eating more fruits and vegetables as a snack?” and (2) “Do you think it is easy for you to eat more fruits and vegetables as a snack?” (van der Horst et al., 2007). The same two items were also asked of water consumption. Response options ranged from 1 = ‘no, certainly do not’ to 6 = ‘yes, certainly do’. Averaging the two items produced the total score for self-efficacy regarding fruit and vegetable consumption and water consumption, which demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Spearman-Brown r s = .79 and .85, respectively). Intentions Participants’ intentions to eat fruit and vegetables was assessed with one item: “Do you intend to eat more fruits and vegetables as a snack?” (Lien, Lytle, & Komro, 2002; Smit et al., 2016). The same item was used to assess participants’ Intentions to drink water. Both measures had a 6-point scale ranging from 1 = ‘no, certainly do not’ to 6 = ‘yes, certainly do’. Several studies have used similar measures to access participants’ Intentions (e.g., De Bourdeaudhuij et al., 2005; Ezendam, Evans, Stigler, Brug, & Oenema, 2010).