Marianne Welmers

Alliance and Treatment Outcome 49 CHAPTER 2 effect sizes on the left side of the distribution, indicating that the overall effect sizes in these meta-analyses may be an overestimation of the true effect. Comparison of confidence intervals revealed that the overall effect size of the level of alliance – outcome association was significantly smaller after trim and fill analysis ( r = .05, p < .05) compared to the overall effect size before trim and fill analysis. The overall effect size of the correlation between alliance change scores and outcome did not significantly vary from the overall effect size before trim and fill analysis. Observed Outcome Standard Error 0.479 0.359 0.239 0.12 0 -0.5 0 0.5 1 Figure 2 Trim-and-fill Plot Level of Alliance – Outcome Association