Iris Kanera

2 37 Prevalence and correlates of lifestyle behaviors Table 2.4 Lifestyle behaviors of the sample Behavior Meet recommendations Mean ( SD ) Median (IQR) Yes, n (%) No, n (%) Smoking ( n = 250) Never 108 (43.2) Former 97 (38.8) Current 45 (18) Alcohol consumption ( n = 244) 1 184 (75.4) 60 (24.6) Never 58 (22.8) Social ( n = 186) 126 (67.7) Excessive ( n = 186) 60 (32.3) Male drinkers ( n = 60) 1.1 39 (65) 21 (35) Female drinkers ( n = 126) 1.2 87 (69) 39 (31) Vegetable consumption 2 ( n = 248) 167.7 (90.8) 150 (107.2 -203.6) 68 (27.4) 2.1 180 (72.6) Fruit consumption 3 (n = 252) 1.8 (1.1) 2 (1-2) 138 (54.8) 3.1 114 (45.2) Physical activity in MET-min/week 4 Walking ( n = 234) 1,299.3 (1188.5) 924 (396 – 2079) Moderate (n = 232) 1,600.6 (1623.8) 1,200 (210 – 2400) Vigorous ( n = 235) 962.9 (1734.5) 0 (0 -1440) Total MET-min/week ( n = 247) 4.1 3,657.6 (3293.4) 2,613 (1284 – 5145) 216 (87.4) 4.2 31 (12.6) Note : n : numbers of participants; SD : standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range; MET: Metabolic Equivalent of Task 1 number of alcohol consumptions per week; 1.1 male: ≤ 14 drinks per week; 1.2 female: ≤ 7 drinks per week 2 vegetable consumption per day in grams; 2.1 ≥ 200 g vegetables per week 3 number of fruit servings (à 100 g) a day. Up to 100 g fruit may be replaced by 150 g of fruit juice. 3.1 at least two servings of fruit per week 4 MET-min/week = metabolic equivalent*minutes per week; 4.1 Total MET-min/week = walking + moderate + vigorous; 4.2 > 600 MET min per week Correlations between the different lifestyle behaviors We explored mutual correlations between the continuously measured lifestyle behaviors (alcohol, fruit, vegetable consumption, PA). Fruit consumption was significantly positively correlated to vegetable consumption, r s = .24, p < .001, and we found a negative relationship between fruit consumption and alcohol consumption r s  = ‑.14, p  < .05, which indicated that as fruit consumption was higher, alcohol consumption was lower. No other significant correlations were found. Furthermore, we explored correlations between adherence ( yes, no ) to the five different health recommendations and found a statistically significant association between adherence to the smoking and fruit consumption recommendations (χ 2 (1) = 6.285, p < .05), however, the effect size represented a low association ( Cramer’s V = .16, p < .05). Crosstabs showed, that in smokers, 37.8% met the fruit recommendations, while in non-smokers (former smoker or never-smoker), 58.3% adhered to the fruit recommendations. No further associations were found between other adherence scores.