Elien Neimeijer

109 team members or clients (three or more), leading to a possible selection bias and lack of generalizability. Some studies have attempted to provide guidance in this regard, but these guidelines are quite arbitrary and were not derived in any systematic, empirically based manner (Tonkin, 2015). Future research is needed to systematically investigate this issue, which will help researchers and clinicians who are seeking to measure work- and group climate in secure (forensic) settings. Work- and group climate are dynamic concepts that changes over time and requires multiple measures for a more reliable picture Notwithstanding these limitations, this is the first study that investigated the relation between work climate, as reported by sociotherapists, and group climate, as perceived by individuals with MID-BIF, in a secure forensic treatment setting. Although the re- sults should be interpreted with caution, the associations found between positive team functioning and repression, between workload and growth, and between negative team functioning and growth should be considered as important findings. This stresses the importance of awareness on parallel processes between work- and group climate and supports to keep studying this relation. Questionnaires that measure work- and group climate can identify differences within and between living groups and organisations. While our study is, at this point, unable to say how the dynamics between work- and group climate may be explained, it could still help organisations and professionals in secure forensic care identify living groups that score lower or higher than average on specific dimensions, especially if a self-re- port questionnaire is used in combination with other, more objective, indicators, such as registered incidents, coercive measures, sick leaves, and inspections (Molleman, 2014). Future research should investigate the determinants of work and group climate, and to what extent these can be explained by sample composition (considering the heterogene- ous MID-BIF sample), living group characteristics (such as security level and care inten- sity) and organisational influences (management characteristics, organisational culture, and informal structures that surround the living group). This information is necessary in order to determine to what extent group climate can be influenced by policy and man- agement decisions. If this type of research is replicated in other secure forensic settings, it would be possible to identify best practices (inter)nationally and even determine if