Timo Soeterik

104 CHAPTER 6 ABSTRACT Background: To establish oncological safe nerve sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), accurate assessment of extraprostatic extension (EPE) is critical. A recently developed nomogram including magnetic resonance imaging parameters accurately predicted side-specific EPE in the development cohort. The aim of this study is to assess this model’s performance in an external patient population. Methods: Model fit was assessed in a cohort of 550 patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in 2014 to 2017 for prostate cancer. Model calibration was evaluated using calibration slopes. Discriminative ability was quantified using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Model updating was done by adjusting the linear predictor to minimize differences in predicted and observed risk for EPE. Results: A total of 792 prostate lobes were included for model validation. Discriminative ability expressed in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.75 − 0.82. Graphical evaluation of the calibration showed poor fit with high disagreement between predicted and observed probabilities of EPE in the population. Model updating resulted in excellent agreement between mean predicted and observed probabilities. However, calibration plots showed substantial miscalibration; including both under- and overestimation. Conclusions: External validation of the novel nomogram for the prediction of side- specific EPE developed by Martini and co-workers showed good discriminative ability but poor calibration. After updating, substantial miscalibration was still present. Use of this nomogram for individualized risk predictions is therefore not recommended.