15289-s-bos

126 | Chapter 8 FH only FH + Ca FH + CAD Total p BMI 24.9(23.7, 26.1) 27.2(25.1, 29.2) 26.3(24.9, 27.8) 0.17 Lipids • TC • HDL • TG • LDL 5.39(4.92, 5.86) 1.45(1.31, 1.60) 1.02(0.84, 1.22) 3.36(2.89, 3.82) 5.38(4.87, 5.90) 1.22(1.07, 1.36) 1.20(0.92, 1.57) 3.62(3.16, 4.08) 4.91(4.46, 5.35) 1.23(1.09, 1.38) 0.96(0.80, 1.16) 3.25(2.89, 3.61) 0.39 0.043 0.51 0.57 Years on statins 8.9 (5.80, 12.0) 10.8 (7.29, 14.4) 10.5 (7.79, 13.1) 0.48 Medication • Oral antidiabetics • Lipid lowering • RR lowering • Blood thinners 20 (100%) 20 (100%) 3 (15%) 0 (0%) 19 (100%) 18 (100%) 4 (22%) 3 (17%) 19 (95%) 20 (100%) 15 (75%) 20 (100%) 58 (98%) 58 (100%) 36 (62%) 23 (40%) 0.37 <0.001 <0.001 BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; FH, familial hypercholesterolemia; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoproteins; RR, relative risk; RR lowering, blood pressure–lowering drugs; TC, total cholesterol; TG, trigylcerides. Results presented as frequency (%) for categorical and mean (95% confidence interval) for continuous variables, respectively. Differences between the groups were assessed using analysis of variance with Holm- Simes post-hoc comparisons. Identification of potential protein biomarkers In the initial discovery phase, 164 proteins were detected from a total of 47,708 spectra. In the subsequent validation phase, all differentially expressed proteins were shortlisted and a list of common differentially expressed proteins was extrapolated. Of the 17 proteins identified, 9 were already available as existing PI assays. The remaining 8 new proteins were assessed in silico and representative peptides and transitions were determined for 4 of them, while representative peptides could not be determined for the remaining 4 proteins. The final list of 13 proteins was represented by 20 peptides and 106 transitions and from this a final 6 proteins were selected as potential biomarker candidates. These proteins were; leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG1), inter- alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3 (ITIH3), complement C4-B (C4B), complement C1q subcomponent subunit B (C1QB), monocyte differentiation antigen (CD14) and histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG). Distribution and associations of protein biomarkers All of the 6 proteins displayed a bi-modal distribution and Figure 1 shows the median, inter-quartile range and range for each one. One sample in the FH + Ca group could not be analysed. Therewas significant rank-order correlation between the protein biomarkers, Table 8.1 | Continued