Maayke Hunfeld

10 Chapter 1 Children with ROC after OHCA admitted to PICU Children’s Hospital Philadelphia 2005-2013 n=191 Survived n=105 (55%) Died during PICU stay n=86 (45%) Poor neurologic prognosis n=29 (34%) Circulatory or respiratory failure n=9 (10%) Re-arrest n=8 (9%) Brain death n=40 (47%) gure 1. Causes of death by Du Pont et al. (27) HCA= Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; PICU= Pediatric Intensive Care Unit; ROC= Return of circula- n Figure 1. Causes of death by Du Pont et al. (27) OHCA= Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; PICU= Pediatric Intensive Care Unit; ROC= Return of circulation Survival trends of Out of hospital cardiac arrest Studies reporting outcome after pediatric OHCA show conflicting results. Some studies showed that survival rates of children with OHCA did not significantly improve in recent years (24, 28, 29). In a study of Fink et al. non-survival was associated with unwitnessed CA, initial rhythm of asystole and region in North America. Regions with the highest survival had more children with Emergency Medical Service (EMS)- witnessed OHCA, bystander CPR, and increased EMS-defibrillation (24). Other studies concluded that survival following pediatric OHCA did increase over the years (30-33). Nehme et al. described improved outcomes for patients with an initial shockable rhythm and ascribed higher survival rates to better CPR quality