Birgitta Versluijs

116 Results The probability of having an allo-LS at 1 year was 26% for patients with positive BAL fluid RV results compared with 6% for those with negative RV results (P = .005; Figure 1, A). The presence of RVs in NPAs only was not associated with allo-LSs. There was no diffe- rence found for rhinovirus and nonrhinovirus in the probability of allo-LS development (Figure 1, B). There also was no influence of viral load (defined as high and low based on Ct values) on the occurrence of allo-LSs (see Figure S3). In patients with RV in BAL fluid (n = 74), we determined the association between occur- rence of grade II to IV aGVHD treated with systemic steroids (occurring after a median of 141 days [range, 6-128 days]) and the development of allo-LSs. aGVHD appears to protect against development of allo-LSs, although results were not statistically significant (odds ratio, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.0-1.3; P = .08; Figure 2). All 24 patients with allo-LSs were treated with immunosuppressive therapy according to the treatment guidelines described in the Methods section. Ten (42%) patients are alive with stabilized lung function, 1 patient died of relapsed disease, and 13 died of TRM (infection or progressive lung disease). Allo-LSs contributed significantly to a higher es- timated TRM at 5 years (52% ± 10% in patients with allo-LSs and 20% ± 4% in patients without allo-LSs; P = .007; Fig 3, A), leading to a trend for lower estimated overall survival at 5 years (48% ± 10% in patients with allo-LSs 66% ± 4% in patients without allo-LSs; P = .07; Figure 3, B). TABLE 3. Multivariate analyses for predictors for Allo-LSs (BOS plus IPS) Univariate P value Multivariate HR (95% CI) P value Sex  Male  Female .04 * 1 1.4 (1.0-2.2) .08 HCT indication  Malignancy  Bone marrow failure syndrome  Inborn error of metabolism  Primary immune deficiency .98 .04 * .07 * 1 0.0 (0-0) 1.9 (0.7-5.2) 2.0 (0.7-5.3) .98 .21 .19 BAL  RV negative  RV positive .001 1 3.8 (1.4-10.7) .01 * Allo-LSs, alloimmune-mediated lung syndromes; BOS, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome; IPS, idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. * Statistically significant. 7