Birgitta Versluijs

50 Results Primary endpoint: Allo-LS Thirty patients were diagnosed with allo-LS (27.3%), 12 with BOS (10.9%) and 18 with IPS (16.4%). No patient developed BOOP. One patient presented with pulmonary hyper- tension with histologically proven vasculopathy, with lymphocyte infiltration that res- ponded to immunosuppressive agents. We considered this patient to have IPS. For the 30 patients with allo-LS, the median time of onset was 8 weeks (range, 2-26 weeks) after transplantation. IPS occurred earlier, with a median time of onset of 7 weeks (range, 2-12 weeks); BOS developed later, after a median of 16 weeks (range, 10-26 weeks). In univariate analysis, RV positivity, CB stem cell graft, and a chemotherapy-based con- ditioning regimen were predictors for the development of allo-LS (Table 3). In multi- variate analysis, only RV positivity remained a predictor for the development of allo-LS (HR, 8.37; 95% CI, 1.78-39.43; P = .007). Analyzing the separate endpoints acute allo-LS (IPS) and chronic allo-LS (BOS) revealed that RV positivity was the sole predictor for the development of BOS (HR, 107; 95% CI, 0.9-13,347; P = .05). For IPS, RV positivity (HR, 11.4; 95% CI, 2.61-49.8; P 5 .001), CB stem cell graft (HR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.79-12.7; P = .002), and nonmalignant indication for transplantation (HR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.1-10.2; P = .034) were found to be predictors in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, only RV-positivity remained significant (HR, 8.65; 95% CI, 1.9-38.4; P = .005). The median duration from RV positivity and the development of allo-LS was 7 weeks (range, 1.2-20 weeks) (Figure 1A). The timing of development of RV positivity seems to be important as well. Patients who were RV-positive early after transplantation (before TABLE 2. Viruses detected by real-time RT-PCR Virus N Rhinovirus Parainfluenzavirus-3 Influenza-A virus Coronavirus Adenovirus Multiple viruses* ‘‘Negative’’† 28 4 2 3 1 14 3 * Subdivided: adenovirus/rhinovirus, 4; parainfluenza-3/rhinovirus, 2; human metapneumovirus/rhinovirus, 2; rhinovirus/adenovirus/parain- fluenza-3, 2; respiratory syncytial virus/rhinovirus, 1; coronavirus/parain- fluenza-3, 1; coronavirus/adenovirus, 1; coronavirus/rhinovirus, 1. † Typical clinical symptoms of an URTI with no other explanation. 3