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Chapter 8 196 in Table 8.2 . Compliance and missing data are described in the Supplementary Material and Supplementary Table S8.1 . Table 8.2 Summary of patient demographic, baseline characteristics, and baseline quality of life (ITT population). Placebo Small-intestinal release Peppermint oil N =64 N =62 Demographic data Age , years Mean (SD) Range 35.5 (15.2) 19-70 32.0 (11.1) 18-66 Gender , N (%) Female 49 (76.6) 51 (82.3) Setting , N (%) Primary care Secondary care Combined secondary & tertiary care 39 (60.9) 16 (25.0) 9 (14.1) 36 (58.1) 14 (22.6) 12 (19.4) Employment status , N (%) Currently studying Employed, full- or part-time Unemployed Incapacitated for work Homemaker Retired Missing 12 (18.8) 41 (64.1) 2 (3.1) 2 (3.1) 1 (1.6) 5 (7.8) 1 (1.6) 10 (16.1) 40 (64.6) 3 (4.8) 4 (6.5) 4 (6.5) 1 (1.6) 0 IBS Quality of Life , mean score (SD) on IBS-QoL 74.0 (14.2) 72.2 (14.7) Psychological comorbidities Anxiety, mean (SD) Minimal anxiety, N (%) Mild anxiety, N (%) Moderate anxiety, N (%) Severe anxiety, N (%) 6.0 (4.4) 26 (40.6) 29 (45.3) 4 (6.3) 5 (7.8) 4.5 (3.9) 36 (58.1) 18 (29.0) 6 (9.7) 2 (3.2) Depression, mean (SD) Minimal depression, N (%) Mild depression, N (%) Moderate depression, N (%) Moderately severe depression, N (%) Severe depression, N (%) 7.0 (4.7) 22 (34.4) 27 (42.2) 8 (12.5) 6 (9.4) 1 (1.6) 6.6 (4.4) 27 (43.5) 24 (38.7) 7 (11.3) 3 (4.8) 1 (1.6) Overall, a somewhat greater improvement in QoL was found in the small-intestinal release peppermint oil group compared to placebo, although these differences did not reach statistical significance ( Supplementary Table S8.2 ). Mean costs per category are presented in Table 8.3 . During the eight-week treatment period, direct healthcare costs differed with the peppermint oil group showing significantly lower costs compared to placebo. Differences were mainly caused by mental healthcare utilization ( Table 8. 3 ). There were no significant differences between