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Smart Data Collection for the Assessment of Treatment Effects in IBS 221 9 Table 9.1 Summary of patient demographic and baseline characteristics. N= 189 Demographic data Age , years Mean (SD) Range 34.0 (13.3) 18-70 Gender , N (%) Female 147 (77.8) Educational level , N (%) No education Low Moderate High 1 (0.5) 15 (7.9) 80 (42/3) 93 (49.2) Setting , N (%) Primary care Secondary care Combined secondary & tertiary care 109 (57.7) 41 (21.7) 39 (20.6) IBS-subtype , N (%) a Diarrhea Constipation Mixed Undefined 83 (43.9) 42 (22.2) 40 (21.2) 24 (12.7) IBS severity b Mean score (SD) Mild, N (%) Moderate, N (%) Severe, N (%) 276.5 (71.9) 15 (7.9) 100 (52.9) 74 (39.2) IBS Quality of Life , mean score (SD) c 73.0 (15.1) EQ-5D-5L , mean utility score (SD) d 0.7 (0.2) Psychological comorbidities e Anxiety, mean (SD) 5.4 (4.3) Depression, mean (SD) 6.8 (4.5) a Determined in a face-to-face interview (according to Rome IV criteria); b The IBS Symptom Severity System consists of 5-items with a maximum score of 100, higher scores indicate more severe symptoms; c The IBS- Quality of Life questionnaire consists of 34-items with a 5-point Likert scale: 1=good, 5=worse quality of life; d The EuroQol-5D-5L measures 5-dimensions of QoL. Raw scores are transformed to utility scores 20 , which vary from 1 (perfect health) to 0 (death); e Anxiety; the GAD-7 consists of 7-items with a 4-point response scale: 0=not at all, 3=almost every day. Depression; the PHQ-9 consists of 9-items with a 4-point response scale: 0=not at all, 3=almost every day.